基于水土资源平衡的农产品生产及贸易原则

摘要

【Objective】 Based on the virtual water and soil resources theory,the study was proceeded to provide information for planting structure optimization and trade principles of agricultural products by studying regional soil and water resources endowment coefficient and soil and water resources balance coefficient of different agricultural products.【Method】 We defined the virtual water and soil resources endowment coefficient,water and soil resource balance coefficient and their calculation method,then calculated and ordered soil and water resources endowment coefficient of agricultural products in different areas.At last,agricultural data in Gansu Province was used as a demonstration.【Result】 From the perspective of the food safety and sustainable development of agriculture,there were some problems in national water resources.In northern regions,preferential planting and exporting crops and agricultural products should be those with less balance coefficient of agricultural water and soil resources while it was quite different in southern regions.Thus,both southern and northern regions urgently need to strengthen irrigation and construction of water conservancy projects,and south regions should be the major agricultural producing area.High attention should be paid to the existing "North-to-South Food Transmission Project" which is unsustainable.【Conclusion】 The virtual endowment coefficient and balance coefficient of water and soil resources proposed here will make great contributions to ensure the balance of regional soil and water resources and agricultural sustainable development,agricultural product trade principles,agricultural planting structure optimization and food production safety.%【目的】在虚拟水、虚拟土理论基础上,研究区域不同农产品水土资源禀赋系数和水土资源平衡系数,为农产品种植结构优化及贸易原则提供参考。【方法】定义虚拟水土资源禀赋系数以及水土资源平衡系数及其计算方法,对区域不同农产品水土资源禀赋系数进行计算及排序,并以甘肃省为例进行实证研究。【结果】从粮食安全及农业可持续发展角度看,全国农业水资源均存在一些问题,在北方地区应该优先种植及输出水土资源平衡系数小的农产品,在南方地区则相反。无论是南方还是北方都急需加强农田水利工程建设,而且南方应是农业生产的主产区;尽管目前存在＂北粮南运＂,但这是不可持续的,应引起国家高度重视。【结论】虚拟水土资源禀赋系数及水土资源平衡系数的提出,对保证区域水土资源平衡和农业可持续发展、确定农产品贸易原则、优化农业种植结构及保障粮食安全生产具有重要意义。