[目的]在甘肃河西走廊进行辣椒不同时期杂交授粉的制种效果研究,为当地辣椒杂交种子生产提供试验依据.[方法]以辣椒杂交种甘科5号双亲为试验材料,设置杂交初期、中期、后期、末期、结束期5个授粉时期处理,各处理杂交授粉100朵花,重复3次.观测授粉期间每天的气温和空气相对湿度,分析各处理的坐果率、种果成熟度、正常果与畸形果比率、单果种子数量和质量、种子千粒质量、种子发芽率和发芽势,并分析其与环境温湿度的相关性.[结果]杂交初期和中期授粉的果实发育正常,畸形果所占比例较低,分别为10％和6％,杂交后期授粉的畸形果所占比例为30％,杂交末期授粉的正常果所占比例极显著减少,畸形果所占比例高达50％.杂交初期、中期、后期、末期、结束期授粉的坐果率分别为16％,76％,26％,40％和10％,在杂交中期和末期先后出现2个坐果高峰期,坐果率呈现间歇性坐果现象.不同时期杂交授粉的单果种子数量和质量存在极显著差异,杂交初期授粉的单果种子数量和质量(分别为16粒和0.125 g)较低,杂交中期、后期授粉的单果种子数量和质量(分别为69,89粒和0.721,0.938 g)急剧增加,到杂交末期时单果种子数量和质量(分别为130粒和1.108 g)达到高峰,随后缓慢下降,呈现抛物线走势.杂交中期和后期授粉的种子千粒质量(10.5 g)极显著高于其他各个时期(8.0～8.5 g).杂交初期授粉的种子发芽率(93.0％)较低,其他各时期授粉的发芽率(≥98.0％)均较高.单果种子数量和质量、种子发芽率与最低气温的正相关性均达到显著或极显著水平,单果种子质量和种子发芽率与平均气温的正相关性也分别达到显著和极显著水平.[结论]不同时期杂交授粉的果实发育质量、坐果率、结实率、种子千粒质量、发芽率等均存在显著差异.杂交中期和末期是制种的重要时期,此时期杂交制种效果较好.%[Objective] Effect of hybrid pollination in different stages on seed production in the Hexi corridor in Gansu was studied to provide basis for pepper hybrid seed production.[Method] Parents of hot pepper F1 Ganke No.5 were tested at five stages including early stage,middle stage,late stage,last stage and end stage.In each process,100 flowers were cross pollinated for 3 times.Daily temperature and relative humidity were measured each day and fruit-setting rate,fruit maturity,ratio of normal fruit to deformity fruit,amount and yield of hybrid seeds per fruit,1 000-seed weight,seed germination rate and germination potential were determined.The relationship between environment and fruit traits was also analyzed.[Result] At early and middle stages,the pollinated fruits grew normally with low rate of fruit malformation (10％,6％),which was 30％ for those pollinated at late stage and 50％ for those pollinated at end stage.In the early,middle,late,last and end stage,the pollination fruit-setting rates were 16％,76％,26％,40％ and 10％,respectively.There were two bearing summits in middle and last stages,and the fruit-setting rate was intermittent.The amount and yield of hybrid seeds per fruit were significantly different in different stages,they were low in early stage (16 seeds and 0.125 g per fruit) and increased greatly in middle and late stages (69,89 seeds and 0.721,0.938 g per fruit),then they reached the peaks in end stage (130 seeds and 1.108 g per fruit) before descending slowly with a parabolic curve.The 1 000-seed weights in middle and late stages (10.5 g) were higher than other stages (8.0-8.5 g).The germination rate of seed pollinated in early stage (93.0％) was lower than that in other stages (98.0％).Amount and yield of hybrid seeds per fruit and seed germination rate had significant positive correlation with minimum temperature and the yield of hybrid seeds per fruit and seed germination rate had significant positive correlation with average temperature.[Conclusion] The quality,fruit-setting rate,seed-setting rate,1 000-seed weight,and seed germination rate had significant differences among treatments pollinated at different stages.Middle and last stages were important for hybrid seed production.
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