40份热带花卉种质资源的抗冷性综合评价

摘要

[目的]探讨40份热带花卉种质资源的抗冷性,为热带花卉种质的引种、向北方地区推广以及抗性育种提供一定的理论基础.[方法]以40份热带花卉种质资源为材料,测定叶片的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、MDA、脯氨酸含量及SOD活性,利用主成分分析法结合隶属函数法计算不同种质资源的综合评价值(D值),分析其抗冷性,并通过田间冷害调查来验证综合评价的结果.[结果]可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、MDA、脯氨酸含量及SOD活性5个生理指标变化幅度不同,各指标间有一定相关性.40份热带花卉种质资源中,橙色龙船花的D值最大(0.955),其抗冷性最强;其次为火红鸟,D值为0.818;D值最小的品种为斑春兰,仅为0.144,其抗冷性最差.赫蕉属、姜荷花属及地涌金莲属到冬季进入休眠,也是抗冷的一种方式,但到了来年也有很强的分蘖能力.其他种质资源的田间观察结果与D值基本相同.通过聚类分析,可将40份热带花卉种质资源抗冷性划分为3类:橙色龙船花、火红鸟、紫色橡皮树为一类,属于强抗冷性类型;龙文兰、观音竹、新昌蒲、清迈粉姜荷花、露兜草(不带刺)、大红鸟、白姜花、黄苞赫蕉、睡莲、大黄龙船花、大王龙船花、高山羊齿、红黄赫蕉、宫粉龙船花、粉鸟赫蕉、斑草兰、蓬莱松、杏黄龙船花为一类,属于较强抗冷性类型;一叶兰、茉莉花、云龙柳、地涌金莲、斑叶兰、鸢尾兰、米柳、花叶一叶兰、斑春兰、芦笋草、栀子花、春兰、鸢尾、山菅兰、露兜草(带刺)、花叶长春藤、大叶长春藤、中国龙船花、白雪公主姜荷花为一类,属于弱抗冷性类型.[结论]不同热带花卉种质资源抗冷性的综合评估结果与田间观察结果大致相同.%[Objective] This study investigated the cold resistance of 40 tropical flowers to provide basis for the introduction of tropical flower germplasm,extension to the north,and resistance breeding.[Method] The contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar,MDA and proline,and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of leaf of 40 tropical cut flowers were measured.The comprehensive evaluation indexes of cold resistance were calculated using principal component analysis and subordinate function,and the comprehensive evaluation was verified by the field chilling investigation.[Result] The five physiological indexes of soluble protein,soluble sugar,MDA and proline contents and SOD activity had different changing amplitudes with certain correlations among indicators.Among the 40 tropical cut flower germplasm,Ixora coccinea had the highest D value of 0.955 with the largest cold resistance,followed by red bird with D of 0.818.Cymbidium goeringii Rchb.f.var.goeringii had the lowest D of 0.144 with the lowest cold resistance.The Hector Manila,Curcuma alismatifolia,and Musella lasiocarpa classes would sleep in the winter as a way of resisting cold,and they had strong tillers in the coming year.Field observations of other species showed same D values with the comprehensive evaluation.They could be divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis.Ixora coccinea,Ficus elastica'Decora Burgundy',and Eliconia psittacoru × H.Spathoci-rcinata Arist.cv.Huohongniao belonged to the strong anti-cold type.Cymbidium goeringii Rchb.f.var.tortisepalum,Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch.ex Schult.var.riviereorum R.Maire,Acorus gramineus,Curcuma alismati f olia,Pandanus austrosinensis T.L.Wu,Heliconia.stricta'Las Cruces',Hed ychium coronarium Koenig,Heliconia pstttacorum cv.Rubra,Nymphaea tetragona,Ixora collinea"GilletteseHow",Ixora duffii cv.Super king,Davallia mariesii Moore ex Bak.,heliconia × nickeriensis Mass & deRooi (H.psittacorum × H.marginata),Ixora casei,Heliconia chartacea'Sexy Pink',Cymbidium goeringii Rchb.f.var.goeringii,Asparagus myrioeladus,and Ixora coccinea "Apric Gold" belonged to the type of strong cold resistance.Aspidistra elatior Blume,J asminum sambac (Linn.) Aiton,Salix matsudana'Tortuosa'(Vilm.) Rehd,Musella lasiocarpa,Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchb.f,Oberonia iridi folia,Salix matsudana cv.Umbraculi fera Rehd.,Aspidistra elatior Blume,Cymbidium goeringii Rchb.f.var.goeringii,Apargus plumosus Baker,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,Cymbidium goeringii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.,Iris tectorum,Dianella ensi folia (L.)DC,Pandanus austrosinensis T.L.Wu var.austrosinensis,Hedera helix,Hedera CV.discolor,Ixora chinensis Lam.and Curcuma alismatifolia "Snow White" belonged to the type with weak resistance.[Conclusion] The comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance was in accord with field observation.