政策是现代社会治理的基本工具，而政策的来源又可以追溯到政策问题的建构权。中世纪后期，政策问题建构权进入了一个持续扩大的进程中，随着平民代表进入议会，打破了政策问题建构权的封闭性，此后又经过一次又一次的改革而使政策问题建构权逐步地向更广泛的阶层开放。到了近代，随着普选权的确立，政策问题建构权也在理论上得到了确证。但是，在代议制框架中，普选权的实现所带来的结果则是治理精英的出现，公众把他们选举出来的时候，也就把自己的政策问题建构权交给了这些治理精英，这又致使政策问题建构权出现了异化。在公众丧失了实质性的政策问题建构权后，存在于社会发展中的那些真正与公众切身利益相关的问题又往往无法进入政策议程，而治理精英则可以通过政党以及借助于舆论等各种各样的手段把那些与公众利益无关的事项作为政策问题而加以重新建构。%Policy is an essential tool for modern social governance , and can be traced back to construction right . In the late Middle Ages , construction right of policy went into a continuous expansion process . Along with civilian representatives went into parliament , the closed policy circle is broken , and open to wider class along with the policy reforms gradually . In modern times , with the establishment of universal suffrage , the construction right of policy also theoretically been confirmed . However , in the framework of the representative , the result achieved by universal suffrage is elite governance . When the public elected the elite , they also put the right to construct policy issues to the hands of these elites , which leads to the alienation of the rights . After the public substantially lose the right to construct the policy issues , some policy issues vital to the interests of the public are often unable to enter the policy agenda ,and elites can make use of public opinions to make those matters having nothing to do with public interest .
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