先秦“史传”辨体

摘要

The “Historical Biography” is a kind of literacy form produced in the Pre-Qin period , which is on the basis of the oral historical materials of Gu and Meng used for teaching history to form the assembly of historical figures' words and deeds . The “Historical Biography” in the Pre-Qin period is the product of historiographer system , its formation is closely related to the demand of the ancestor worship ceremony and its spread accompanies the system of teaching history driven by the awareness of taking history as a mirror . Some old scholars such as Liu Xie , Liu Zhiji and Zhang Taiyan already have discussed this issue , but these didn't attract the attention of scholars later unfortunately . This paper , based on many research works , clarified the problem that the dividing the Pre-Qin prose into scholars' prose and historical biography prose virtually eliminated the independence of the “historical biography” as a literacy form .%“史传”是产生于先秦的一种文体，它是在瞽矇讲史的口传史料的基础上经加工写定而形成的历史人物的言行汇编。先秦史传是先秦史官制度的产物，它的生成与祖先崇拜仪式的需要有着密切的关系，而其传播又与以史为鉴意识推动下的讲史制度相终始。关于这一问题，刘勰与刘知几及章太炎本已有精辟的论述，但可惜并未引起学者们的关注。通行的先秦散文研究著作与文学史将先秦散文分为“诸子散文”与“历史散文”（或“史传散文”），无形中抹杀了“史传”这种文体的独立性，必须予以澄清。