Morphological characteristics, flowering-fruiting habits and phenological period of adult Cornus wateri with the ages of 15 to 20 years old in Yangling, Tanghe township, Haoshan Forest Farm and Henghe Forest Farm. The results showed that: 1) Biennial bearing commonly occurred in individual tree plant, and the proportion accounted for 58. 9% of the total. High rate of fruit-bearing branches and high coefficients of variation of annual shoot length were observed, accounting for 39% and 30% respectively, they are good for breeding high yield plants. 2) Every branch had 16 — 25 corymbose cymes, each inflorescence had 73^133 flowers, efficiency of bearing fruit was 2. 63% —13. 70%. 3) The phenological rhythms of C. xuateri in different sites were in a sequence of Shannxi>Shandong>Shanxi>Henan, as a whole, the flowers appeared before the leaves. The duration of phenological phases was closely related with microclimate. 4) A second bloom appeared in C. wateri, though it had a low uniformity and fewer flowers, but it had a special significance in breeding in short frost-free areas.%以陕西省杨凌区、河南省卢氏县汤河镇、山东省淄博市沂源县东里镇毫山林场和山西省阳城市横河林场的15～20 a生健康毛梾单株为研究对象,进行形态特征、开花结实习性和物候期的观察研究.结果表明:1)毛梾单株大小年现象普遍,约占调查单株的58.9％;毛梾结果枝率和当年生枝条长度变异系数最大,分别为39.2％和30.4％,变异幅度分别为1O％～44％和58～142 cm,可作为毛梾高产单株的选优参考指标;2)进入结果盛期后,每结果枝上可着生16～54个花序,每个花序有73～133个白色小花,而座果率仅为2.63％～13.70％;3)毛梾物候期依种源地先后顺序为陕西＞山东＞山西＞河南,但总体来讲,毛梾属于先叶后花植物,各物候期的持续时间与当地的小气候条件关系密切,前后相差约7～15 d,有些可能更长;4)毛梾具有2次开花现象,虽然整齐度低花量少,但在生产中具有重要意义,是今后无霜期较短地区育种研究的方向之一.
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