萱草属（ Hemerocallis）植物依据花朵的开放时间分为夜间开花型和白天开花型两类。为研究萱草花朵开放和闭合的规律，对3种夜间开花的萱草种和品种以及4种白天开花萱草品种进行了杂交，设计了4对杂交组合，每个组合包括正反交，共获得F1代386株。此外，研究了16个辅助杂交组合，后代共208株。2012年和2013年夏季对全部植株的花朵开放和闭合时间进行观测。对于花朵开放时间，北黄花菜（ Hemerocallis lilio-as-phodelus ）和黄花菜（ H．citrina）做亲本的杂交组合后代中99．74％的植株表现为夜间开放；黄花菜品种‘四月花’（H．‘April Flower’）做亲本的各杂交组合中夜间开花的‘诺米路’ב四月花’杂交组合的后代全部表现为夜间开放；与白天开花型杂交的3个组合后代中夜间开放类型与白天开放类型株数的比例接近1∶1或3∶1。花朵闭合时间变异较大，黄花菜和北黄花菜做亲本的杂交后代主要集中在夜间和白天闭合；‘四月花’杂交后代在一天中各个时段均有闭合。结果表明：萱草花朵开放与闭合是受不同基因控制的；花朵开放受一个主基因控制，夜间开花性状是显性，白天开花则为隐性性状；控制花朵开放时间的基因属于核基因；萱草花朵闭合时间表现复杂，可能受多基因调控。%There are two types of Hemerocallis, day blooming species and night blooming species .We studied the genetic devel-opment of the flower opening and closing time in Hemerocallis.We designed the crossing experiments including 4 combina-tions and 16 auxiliary combinations between nocturnal blooming daylily species and diurnal blooming cultivars .We ob-served the flowering behavior of all 594 F1 hybrids in 2012 and 2013.For flower opening time , 99.74%of the F1 hybrids of H.citrina and H.lilio-asphodelus were highly consistent and all of them showed nocturnal blooming .All the hybrids of H.‘Naomi Ruth’ ×H .‘April Flower’ showed nocturnal blooming, and the ratio of evening flowering and morning flowering among F1 hybrids of other combinations of H.‘April flower’ was close to 1∶1 or 3∶1.The closing time of F1 hybrids of H.citrina and H.lilio-asphodelus was at day or night , while closing time of F 1 hybrids of H.‘April Flower ’ was at the whole day . Therefore, the time of flower opening and the start of closing are regulated by different genes and a dominant allele on a single locus largely determines this phenotype .Nocturnal flowering is a dominant trait and the flower opening and closing times are not controlled by plasmagene but by karyogene .The closing times are more complex and probably controled by multi-genes.
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