欧美杨新品种在内蒙古中西部的引种试验1）

摘要

For selecting and breeding new variety of poplar adapting climate conditions of western region in Inner Mongolia, we conducted the regional afforestation experiments for 16 introduced varieties of poplar in Huhhot Tuzuoqi.We analyzed the survival rate of afforestation, the preserving rate, the plant diseases and insect pests, freezing injury and the growth of height and diameter systematically.There were significant differencs in tree heights, diameter at breast height (DBH), cold-resistance, resistance to disease and pest and other aspects between different varieties, and the variety selection was effective.Poplus alba ‘Berolinensis’ L., Jasper Populus and Populus×euramericana cn Jing 2 displayed excellent growth characters, grew and developed normally on barren soil (slight alkaline land, pH of 8.0) with certain resistance and adapta-bility to sandstorm, drought and freezing injury.These varieties should be introduced and cultivated largely for the western areas of Inner Mongolia, and could be popularized and applied in production.%为选育出适应内蒙古自治区中西部气候条件的杨树新品种，对引进的16个杨树品种在呼和浩特市土左旗进行区域造林试验，对2、4、10 a等不同林龄的树高、胸径生长量、造林成活率、保存率、抗寒性、抗病虫害等性状的系统分析表明：各品种间树高、胸径、抗寒和抗病虫等性状间存在显著的差异，品种选择是有效的。经过主要性状的多重比较及综合分析，选取银中杨、碧玉杨和京2杨为速生、抗逆优良品种，其树高、胸径生长量与生长较差的863品种相比银中杨分别提高97．27％、90．31％，碧玉杨提高76．27％、66．43％，京2杨提高69．51％、70．19％。这些品种可抗风沙、干旱、冻害、土壤瘠薄，可在轻度盐碱土（ pH值为8．0左右）上正常生长，尚未发现病害、虫害等。因此，将上述品种确定为内蒙古中西部区应引进和栽培的优良品种，可以在生产中推广应用。