粒状生物质炭基尿素肥料制备及其性能研究

摘要

The method of intermittent leaching through the sand column was taken to evaluate the slow-release ability of the fertilizer. The study investigated the influence of the mass ratio of urea to biochar, particle size, and the kaolin addition on evaluate the slow-release ability. The forming rate was more than 80%and maximum compression force was more than 10 N under the condition of the 10%kaolin addition, appropriate water addition, and mass ratio of urea to biochar from 1:1 to 1:5. The slow-release ability was enhanced with the increase of particle size. The accumulated releasing rate of the pure urea was 43.35%and 15.64%at the mass ratio of urea to biochar 1:1 and 1:5, respectively. The accumulated releasing rate reduced 33%-60%. Pure urea released completely at the second time and the biochar-based urea fertilizer release completely at the fifth time. The ability of slow-release properties was catered to different needs of the crop growth by the different amounts of biochar. Through biochar-base urea fertilizer production process and economic analysis, biochar-base urea fertilizer production had simple process, convenient transportation and reasonable price.%利用沙柱间歇淋溶试验研究评价粒径、尿素和生物质炭质量比、高岭土添加量对肥料缓释性能及颗粒，承受最大破坏力影响规律。当高岭土添加量为10%，在尿素与炭比为1��1~1��5时，可获得80%以上的最大成型率，颗粒的最大破碎压缩力可达10 N以上。随着生物质炭含量增加和肥料颗粒粒径增大，颗粒缓释肥缓释性能提高，当颗粒粒径为5~6 mm，尿素与生物质炭质量比由1��1变化至1��5时，第1次淋溶其累积释放率由43.35%下降至15.64%，比纯尿素颗粒肥下降33%~60%，纯尿素颗粒肥养分到第2次淋溶已完全释放，而缓释肥的尿素的累积释放到第5次淋溶才基本完成。可见缓释肥的缓释性能可通过改变炭粉添加量调节以满足不同作物生长需求。通过对生物质炭基尿素肥料生产流程和经济性分析，说明生物质炭基尿素肥料生产工艺简单、运输方便、价格合理。