城市地质灾害是城市发展中的安全隐患,常见的有地面塌陷、不均匀沉降等,在工程建设及城市地质灾害防治中运用综合勘测方法对其进行有效的勘测是解决问题的关键途径.以郑州市某居民小区地下防空洞引发地面塌陷灾害的勘查为例,进行了城市地质环境调查、工程测量、工程钻探、室内土工试验,并结合工程物探等综合勘测方法的运用,同时采用有限差分软件FLAC对该地下防空洞顶板完整和破坏两种情况进行数值模拟,分析地面塌陷的成因.结果表明:在防空洞顶板完整的情况下,地面最大竖向位移为5 cm,防空洞在顶板完整的情况下对地面的沉降变形影响不大;在防空洞顶板破坏的情况下,地面最大竖向位移为45 cm,与现状调查情况相吻合;防空洞变形破坏后,加大了地基不均匀沉降,存在安全隐患,必须采取治理及防护措施.%Urban geological disasters are security risks in urban development, such as ground subsidence, uneven settlement and other geological disasters. Using a comprehensive survey method to survey the geological disasters which are caused by the construction and prevention of geological disasters in the city is an effective method. In this paper, a survey of a ground subsidence caused by under-ground shelter disaster of a residential area in Zhengzhou City is conducted. Urban geological environmental survey, engineering sur-vey, engineering drilling, laboratory tests, and engineering geophysical and other exploration methods are used, and then the software FLAC is used to simulate the destabilize situation of underground shelter roof rock. The results showed that:under the complete bomb shelter roof, the maximum vertical displacement of the ground is 5 cm, and bomb shelter has little impact on the ground settlement in this situation;in contrast, under the destroyed bomb shelter roof, the maximum vertical displacement of the ground is 45 cm, consist-ent with the status of the investigation. The deformation and failure of bomb shelter increases the uneven settlement of foundation. There are security risks, urgently needed to take control and protective measures.
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