从龙王到妈祖--中国海洋社会的信仰观察

摘要

From Tang Dynasty, the Dragon King as a dominant sea-god has already been established in folk faith and custom. In Song Dynasty, as the tale said, a female named Lin from Meizhou flied up to heaven being an angle. She kept receiving names from dominators in different dynasties. Finally she became Matsu and then she received worship from the coastal people, and took the place of the Dragon King as the main sea-god in China . Folk faith is an abstract reflection of people’s lives. So the change of the sea-god worship from the Dragon King to Matsu, manifests the evolution process of Chinese marine society.%　　自唐伊始，民间信仰习俗中就确立了以龙王为主导的海神信仰。宋代，又出现了湄州林氏女飞天的故事，并持续受到历代统治者赐封，成为沿海民众普遍崇奉的妈祖，并取代龙王成为中国海洋信仰的主神。民俗信仰是民众生活的抽象反映，从龙王到妈祖海神信仰的变化彰显了中国海洋社会的嬗变过程。