镇江市6～16岁中小学生精神障碍患病率的调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in school students aged from 6 to 16 years in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. Methods Students from 12 primary and secondary schools were surveyed by multistage stratified cluster random sampling and two stage survey. The students were first screened by the Chinese version of the Child Behavior Scale (CBCL), and then diagnosed by the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI KID). Results Among the 6 576 students who completed the survey, 1 392 were positive for CBCL screening, with a detection rate of 21.17% (1 392/6 576) (95%CI=20.18%-22.16%). The prevalence of mental disorders was 4.08% (95%CI=3.60%-4.55%), of which 37.31% (100/268) had two or more mental disorders. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence between boys (3.84%, 122/3 178) and girls (4.30%, 146/3 398). The prevalence of students aged from 6 to 11 (3.03%, 92/3 032) was lower than those aged from 12 to 16 (4.97%, 176/3 544), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Prevalence of the city students (2.46%, 82/3 339) was lower than that of the rural students (5.75%, 186/3 237), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions A considerable proportion of primary and middle school students aged from 6 to 16 years old suffer from mental disorders in Zhenjiang. The proportion of comorbidity mental disorders is high. The prevalence of mental disorders is higher in the age stage from 12 to 16 and rural students.%目的 调查江苏省镇江市6～16岁在校中小学生的精神障碍患病率.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样和两阶段调查相结合,调查了12所中小学的在校学生.先使用儿童行为量表(CBCL)中文版进行筛查,然后使用国际神经精神访谈(MINI KID)进行精神障碍的诊断.结果 在完成调查的6 576名学生中,CBCL筛查阳性者1 392名,检出率为21.17%(1 392/6 576)(95%CI=20.18%～22.16%).精神障碍患病率为4.08%(268/6 576)(95%CI=3.60%～4.55%),其中37.31%(100/268)的学生患有两种及以上的精神障碍.男生患病率(3.84%,122/3 178)与女生(4.30%,146/3 398)比较,差异无统计学意义;6～11岁学生患病率(3.03%,92/3 032)低于12～16岁(4.97%,176/3 544),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);城市学生患病率(2.46%,82/3 339)低于农村(5.75%,186/3 237),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 镇江市6～16岁中小学生有相当一部分患有精神障碍,其中共病精神障碍的比例较高;12～16岁年龄段及农村学生精神障碍患病率较高.