Objective To investigate the infection distribution of the hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in patients with Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and its drug resistance to those commonly-used antimicrobial agents, so as to provide evidence for rational use of antibacterial drugs clinically .Methods Retrospective analysis of the infection status and drug resistance of Staphylococ-cus aureus in 336 cases of HAP treated in the hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 was made in the study .Results (1) Nine-ty-three strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the 336 cases of HAP (27.7%), including 78 strains of methicillin-resist-ant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), accounting for 83.9%.(2) The infection rates of Staphylococcus aureus for the HAP patients in the five years were respectively 29.6%, 26.7%, 26.9%, 25.3%and 30.1%.There were no statistical differences in infection rates , when comparisons were made between the years (P>0.05).(3) Bacterial resistance analysis indicated that the patients with HAP-MRSA infection were completely sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid ( by 100%) , fairly sensitive to compound sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin ( by about 70%) and other antibiotics , such as beta lactams , macrolides and fluoroquinolones , was poorly sensitive ( by as low as less than 30%).Conclusion In HAP patients, Staphylococcus aureus was the main Gram positive pathogen , with MRSA infec-tion being the main case .Vancomycin and linezolid should be the first choice of drugs in clinical application of antibiotics for the treat -ment of HAP-MRSA infection.%目的 了解医院获得性肺炎(HAP)患者金黄色葡萄球菌(下简称金葡菌)感染的分布情况及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,以期为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据.方法 回顾性分析本院2011年1月至2015年12月间住院的336例HAP患者金葡菌感染情况及细菌耐药性.结果 336例HAP患者共分离出金葡菌93株(占27.7%),其中甲氧西林耐药金葡菌(MRSA)78株,占83.9%;5年间HAP患者金葡菌感染率分别为29.6%、26.7%、26.9%、25.3%和30.1%,各年间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);细菌耐药性分析发现,本组HAP-MRSA感染者对万古霉素和利奈唑胺的敏感性为100%,对复方磺胺甲恶唑和利福平的敏感性约70%左右,对其他常用抗生素如β内酰胺类、大环内酯类和氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性均较低(<30%).结论 金葡菌依然是HAP患者主要的革兰阳性致病菌,且多为MRSA感染,临床应用抗生素治疗HAP-MRSA感染,应首选万古霉素和利奈唑胺.
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