预防性环境抗争的空间差异:基于多案例的研究

摘要

在一些预防性环境抗争中,主要行动者是距离设施较远的居民、居住在特定区位的居民或者外地居民.中国的预防性环境抗争呈现一定程度的空间差异:首先,城市居民比农村居民更可能参加预防性环境抗争,这主要是因为城市居民比农村居民拥有更强的社会关系网络、政治资源、信息资源、环境权利意识和政治效能感,在无法与设施兴建方充分博弈的情况下,农村居民默许兴建设施比抵制设施获利更大;其次,设施的性质与自然区位会影响环境抗争的空间分布;再次,外地居民可能成为预防性环境抗争的主要行动者.预防性环境抗争的决定性因素并非抗议者居住空间与相关设施距离的远近,就此,"邻避"这一概念难以解释预防性环境抗争的空间差异问题,预防性环境抗争是比邻避更有解释力和适用性的概念.%In some precautionary environmental protests, the main actors are residents living away from contaminated facilities, living in specific locations or non-local residents.A certain degree of spatial difference was shown in China's precautionary environmental protests.First, urban residents are more likely to participate in precautionary environmental protest than rural residents.This is mainly because urban residents possess stronger social network, political resources, information resources, environmental right awareness and political efficacy.Secondly, the nature and the natural location of facilities will affect the spatial distribution of environmental protest.Thirdly, non-local residents may become the main actors in precautionary environmental protests.The determinant of precautionary environmental protests is not the distance between the protestants'living space and related contaminated facilities.The concept of NIMBY can not explain the spatial difference of precautionary environmental protest.Instead, precautionary environmental protest is a more explanatory and adaptive concept than NIMBY.