话语体系与行动结构要素选择：国内的农民环境行动研究∗

摘要

Academic discourses selected or constructed by researchers reflect the perspectives they interpret a specific research question. Studying the academic discourses of domestic researches on farmers′ environmental action, we found three major research paradigms:safeguarding environmental rights paradigm, environmental re¯ sistance paradigm and environmental action paradigm. Some researches under the safeguarding environmental rights paradigm have incoherence between academic discourses of rights safeguarding and the empirical realities, in which academic discourses seem to ″tailor″ the farmers′ environmental actions. Observing the selection of structural elements of farmers′ actions, we found that existing studies focus more on the external conditions of farmers′actions and the strategies farmers take. Few studies aim at social norms of farmers′environmental action. Study on the purpose of farmers′environmental action is still a blank. To solve the above problems, on the one hand, researchers need to give full scope to their autonomy to select and construct academic discourses, enhance their theoretical awareness, and construct accurate academic discourse and interpretation framework based on lo¯ cal empirical facts. On the other hand, researchers need to give more attention to farmers′environmental action, especially to social norms of farmers′action and the purpose of their action.%学术话语的选用或建构体现着研究者对研究问题的解读视角。从学术话语使用角度考察国内的农民环境行动研究，可以发现国内研究者对农民环境行动的研究范式主要包括3类：农民环境维权范式、环境抗争范式和环境行动或行为范式；部分农民环境维权范式下的研究存在维权这一学术话语使用与经验现象不相契合，使用维权范式“裁剪”现实的问题。从行动各结构要素选择的角度考察国内的农民环境行动研究，发现已有研究更侧重于讨论农民环境行动所处的外部情景条件和行动手段或策略，针对农民环境行动规范取向的研究不多，针对农民环境行动目标的专门研究尚处于空白状态。解决上述问题，需要研究者发挥学术话语选用和建构的自主性，提升理论自觉，在本土经验事实的基础上建构与其相契合的学术话语、解释框架；需要对农民环境行动加大研究力度，对积累相对薄弱的本土农民环境行动的独特规范取向和行动目标给予更多的关注。