The German energy transition is a complex transformation process taking place on multiple administra-tive levels and involves a high level of uncertainty, during which, top-down and bottom-up approaches exist in parallel. German federal states are important players in the energy transition process. The sub-national initiatives in Germany show that the energy transition is not only carried out by the federal policy, but to a large extent be-ing initiated and driven from bottom up. Driven by regional interests, sometimes state targets not coinciding with the national government′s goals will in turn help optimize the overall system. But so far the transition lacks a vi-sion for multi-level governance, which can align single objectives to an overall target and balance interests among relative decision-making authorities. For the success of German energy transition, decision-making and coordina-tion efforts on the federal level,new mechanisms for the alignment of different interests at different levels, as well as a transparent and flexible governance structure are necessary.%在诸多行政层面具有不确定性背景下，德国能源转型面临着巨大考验，自上而下与自下而上的方法并行存在。次国家层面在德国能源转型中扮演着重要角色，它们不仅仅执行联邦政府的决策，而且在很大程度上是能源转型的发起者与推动者。受地方利益的驱动，德国联邦州的自治政策并不总是与联邦中央政府的政策相一致，并有利于整个系统的优化。但到目前为止，德国能源转型并没有真正实现一种将单一目标统一到总体目标并平衡相应决策机构利益的多重管治。就德国能源转型的成功而言，联邦中央政府层面上中长期的决策和协调，权衡联邦中央政府与联邦州政府不同利益的适应性战略，透明灵活并拥有足够纠错机制的管治结构，都是势在必行的。
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