诗意栖居与世外桃源的耦合研究

摘要

诗意栖居作为一个哲学命题最早由德国学者海德格尔提出, 此命题为寻求生命本真意义的人们指引了道路.在农耕文明及尚诗传统影响下的古代中国, 诗意栖居虽未被作为哲学概念明确提出, 但在哲人和文人士大夫的生活方式或艺术样态中已包含了诗意栖居的内涵.作为东方"乌托邦"的代表, 世外桃源体现着中国传统农耕文化与诗性生活理想的结合, 是自古以来人人神往的理想栖居地.诗意栖居和世外桃源代表着不同历史文化背景下, 中西方哲人对理想生存境界的追求, 表征着他们的诗性气质及对自然的亲近态度.此两种范畴在形式与精神上都具备可耦合的条件, 能够在不同的历史时期耦合生成具备共生、竞生、整生特征的范式.从诗意栖居与世外桃源的耦合范式中窥探出二者的耦合规律, 可对当下人类审美化生存提供理论指导, 能够重新建设一种有机整合形态的理想人居场所.这种理想人居场所作为整个自然系统里的一部分, 既有助于完善绿色艺术世界的建构, 又能够促进生态审美人生的生成, 对人居环境与生活方式朝着兼具绿色性与审美性的方向发展起到积极引导作用.%As a philosophical proposition, poetic dwelling was first proposed by German scholar Heidegger. This conception has provided guidance for people who seek the true meaning of life. In ancient China, under the influence of agricultural civilization and poetry tradition, the connotation of poetic dwelling existed in the life style or artistic style of literati, although it was not explicitly put forward as a philosophical concept. As the representative of"Utopia"of the East, the hidden paradise reflects the ideal combination of Chinese traditional farming culture and poetic life. It is a desired habitat for literati. Poetic dwellings and hidden paradise were the ideal pursuit of Chinese and Western literati for living realm under different historical and cultural backgrounds which symbolized their poetic qualities and their friendly attitudes towards nature. The two sub-categories have coupling conditions in terms of form and spirit, and can be coupled to generate a paradigm with characteristics of symbiosis, rivalry, and entirety in different historical periods. The research of the coupling laws from the coupling paradigms of poetic dwelling and hidden paradise can provide theoretical guidance for the aesthetic survival of human beings and can reconstruct an ideal living space of organic integration at present. The ideal living space as a part of the whole natural system, not only helping to improve the construction of the green and artistic world, but also promoting the development of ecological aesthetic life, plays a positive guiding role in the development of living environment and lifestyle development towards both green and aesthetic characteristics.