论科学发展乡村休闲旅游的理论依据

摘要

With the development of social economy, rural leisure tourism has gradually become popular and important for human spiritual needs and all⁃round development. Only by combining theory with practice, can the scientific nature and feasibility of rural leisure tourism development be manifested. Through the study and analysis of related ancient and modern theories at home and abroad, the conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the need of human beings�� physical and mental fitness is the inner motivation for rural leisure tourism development. Marxist view of leisure and Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs show that rural leisure tourism development can satisfy people��s physical and mental needs of"returning to the true nature". Secondly, the theory of circular economy is the decision⁃making basis for rural leisure tourism development. In rural leisure tourism, the consumption of leisure facilities and products, etc. will lead to the development of sightseeing agriculture, light industry and service industry. Thirdly, the thoughts of rural development of Fei Xiaotong and Liang Shuming are the cultural foundation of rural leisure tourism development. They held that Chinese traditional culture plays an important role in rural social development and Chinese national spirit cultivation. In pursuit of spiritual enjoyment, the modern rural leisure tourism cannot be separated from the Chinese traditional culture of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and harmony. Fourth, the ideology of human⁃nature integration, in pursuit of spiritual freedom and happiness and human nature, is the inevitable requirement of rural leisure tourism development. Rural leisure tourism, in essence, is a form of tourism based on the ideology of human⁃nature integration, modern ecological science and the concept of sustainable development.%随着社会经济的发展，乡村休闲旅游逐渐成为人们精神需要、获得全面发展的一个重要路径。要发展乡村休闲旅游，只有把理论与实际结合起来，才能彰显它的科学性与可行性。通过对古今中外相关理论的研究分析，认为：（1）人的身心发展需要是发展乡村休闲旅游的内在动力。马克思主义休闲观与马斯洛的人的需求层次理论显示，发展乡村休闲旅游能够满足人“返璞归真，回归自然”的身心需要。（2）“循环经济”理论是发展乡村休闲旅游的决策依据。在乡村休闲旅游过程中，人们对休闲工具、产品、设施等方面的消费，必定会带动观光农业、轻工业及服务行业的发展。（3）费孝通、梁漱溟的乡村思想是发展乡村休闲旅游的文化根基。费、梁二老认为中华传统文化在乡村社会发展中发挥了极其重要的作用，培育了中华民族精神。追求精神享受的现代乡村休闲旅游活动，离不开“仁”“义”“礼”“和”等中华传统文化。（4）“天人合一”思想是发展乡村休闲旅游的必然要求。“天人合一”的思想追求是一种主体心灵上的自由与快乐，实际是主张人要保持自己的本性。乡村休闲旅游实质上是建立在“天人合一”、现代生态科学和可持续发展理念基础上的一种旅游形式。