目的 探讨环境温度变化时大鼠肺组织的病理损伤及规律.方法 将9～15周龄雄性SD大鼠84只按随机数字表法分为常温对照组(20 ℃,21只)和温度骤变组[骤升温至37 ℃组(21只)、骤降温至4 ℃组(21只)和骤降温至-12 ℃组(21只)],每组均观察1、4、8、12、24、48和168 h 7个时间点,每个时间点3只大鼠.分别于各时间点处死动物,切取左侧肺脏上叶,经4%多聚甲醛液固定24 h、石蜡包埋和切片,常规HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化.结果 温度骤变组大鼠肺组织均出现不同程度的损伤,主要表现在肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血、出血、细支气管黏膜上皮坏死、炎细胞浸润等,在骤升温至37 ℃组最严重.各组出现损伤最严重的时间不同,骤升温至37 ℃组在12 h损伤最严重,而骤降温至4 ℃组和骤降温至-12 ℃组均在24 h损伤最明显.结论 环境温度变化可引起肺组织损伤,出现肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血、出血、细支气管黏膜上皮坏死、炎症细胞浸润等病理变化.%Objective To investigate the lung tissue injury in rats following ambient temperature changes. Methods Eighty-four male SD rats aged 9-15 weeks were randomized into four groups; normal temperature (20 ℃ group) , sudden rise in temperature to 37 ℃ (37 ℃ group), sudden drop in temperature to 4℃ (4 ℃ group) and sudden drop in temperature to —12 ℃ ( —12℃ group),with 21 rats in each group. Three rats in each group were observed at 1, 4,8, 12,24,48 and 168 hours,respectively. Animals were sacrificed at different time points. The upper lobes of the left lung were collected,fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 24 hours. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were used for HE staining to observe pulmonary histopathological changes. Results Different degrees of damage was found in lung tissues in rats undergoing ambient temperature changes, especially in group 37℃ group. Lesions mainly included capillarectasia, congestion,bleeding,bronchial mucosal epithelial necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The most obvious damage was found at 12 hours in 37℃ group,at 24 hours in 4 ℃ group and at 24 hours in —12℃ group. Conclusion Ambient temperature changes can cause lung tissue injury,rnincluding capillarectasia,congestion, haemorrhagia, bronchial mucosal epithelial necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration.
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