基于生态足迹模型的贵州省森林公园旅游可持续发展研究

摘要

The ecological footprint model proposed by Rees William in 1992 is an important method for the quantitative study of regional sustainable development. In this paper, in order to evaluate the sustainable development of tourism in forest parks of Guizhou, we use ecological footprint model to research the sustainability by tourism ecological footprint, tourism ecological carrying capacity and tourism ecological deficit based on the tourism statistical data of forest parks in Guizhou Province during 2010-2014. The result showed that the per-capita ecological footprint, the per-capita ecological capacity and per-capita ecological deficit of forest parks all show a downward trend; the per-capita ecological footprint decreased from 0.0483 hm2 in 2010 to 0.0286 hm2 in 2014, and the per-capita ecological capacity decreased from 0. 0194hm2 in 2010 to 0.0090hm2 in 2014, while the per-capita ecological deficit decreased from 0.0289 hm2 in 2010 to 0. 0196hm2 in 2014; then the ecological footprint index decreased from -1.49 in 2010 to -2.19 in 2014, and the ecological tension index increased from 2.49 in 2010 to 3.19 in 2014. However, the total tourism ecological footprint, the total tourism carrying capacity and the total tourism deficit showed a slow growth pace. For the ecological footprint index and ecological tension index, it reflects the development of forest parks of Guizhou in an unsustainable state, but the unsus-tainability eased year by year since 2012. We put forward suggestions on the sustainable development of tourism in forest parks of Guizhou Province.%为评价贵州省森林公园旅游可持续发展状况，本文运用生态足迹模型，以贵州省森林公园2010-2014年旅游统计数据为依据，对该时间段内贵州省森林公园的旅游生态足迹、旅游生态承载力以及旅游生态赤字等进行计算，结果表明：5年间，贵州省森林公园人均旅游生态足迹、人均旅游承载力和人均旅游赤字都呈下降趋势，人均生态足迹由2010年0.0483 hm2下降到2014年的0.0286 hm2；人均生态承载力由2010年的0.0194 hm2下降到2014年的0.0090 hm2；人均生态赤字由2010年的0.0289 hm2上升到2014年的0.0196 hm2；生态足迹指数由2010年的-1.49下降到2014年的-2.19；生态压力指数由2010年的2.49上升到2014年的3.19。总旅游生态足迹、总旅游承载力和总旅游赤字都呈缓慢的增长趋势，而生态足迹指数和生态压力指数都反映出了贵州省森林公园旅游发展处于不可持续状态，但是2012年后这种不可持续状态逐年有所缓解。通过生态足迹的变化找出影响因素，为贵州省森林公园旅游的可持续发展提供参考意见。