MicroRNA (miRNA) is a new mode of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. It is expressed in most of the eukaryotes, which can inhibit translation or induce target mRNA degradation. miRNA plays an important role in the formation of complex diseases and regulates a variety of biological processes, including growth and development, signal transduction, immune regulation, apoptosis, proliferation and tumor genesis and so on. More and more evidences show that the abnormal expression of miRNA is a sign of human diseases, including cancer. Differentially expressed miRNA may be used as the indicators of early diagnosis, molecular typing and prognosis. It may also be a variety of tumor-resistant new therapeutic targets. Therefore, miRNA may be used as cancer biomarkers for diagnosis, prediction and treatment.% MicroRNA(miRNA)在大多真核生物中表达,通过抑制翻译或诱导靶mRNA降解.miRNA是一种新的转录后基因表达调控模式,在复杂疾病形成过程中发挥着重要作用,调节了多种生物学过程,包括生长发育、信号转导、免疫调节、细胞凋亡、增殖及肿瘤发生等.越来越多的证据表明异常表达的miRNA是人类疾病的标志,包括肿瘤.差异表达的miRNA可能作为疾病早期诊断、分子分型及预后判断的指标,同时也可能成为多种肿瘤耐药新的治疗靶标.因此,miRNA在肿瘤中可能作为诊断、预测和治疗的生物标志.
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