2015～2016年西安地区儿童肺炎支原体下呼吸道感染的流行病学分析

摘要

目的 探讨2015年1月～2016年12月西安地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)下呼吸道感染状况.方法 应用ELISA方法对西安地区2015年1月～2016年12月9 648例急性下呼吸道感染患儿的血清标本进行MP-IgM抗体检测.结果 9 648例急性下呼吸道感染患儿的血清标本中MP-IgM抗体阳性2 971例,总阳性率为30.79％.其中婴儿组(＜1岁),幼儿组(1～3岁),学龄前组(3～6岁),学龄组(6～14岁)中MP阳性检出率分别是7.00％,27.29％,36.10％和37.76％;不同季度MP感染的检出率也有明显差异,其中第一季度MP感染的检出率明显高于其他季度,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 2015～2016年西安地区存在MP感染流行,儿童MP感染率随年龄增长而升高,第一季度感染率较高,因此需加强对MP感染的预防和监测.%Objective To investigate the prevalent feature of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in Xi'an region from Jan.2015 to Dec.2016.Methods From Jan.2015 to Dec.2016,9 648 cases with acute lower respiratory tract infection in xijing hospital were given serum test of the antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by ELISA.Results A total of 9 648 cases with lower respiratory tract infection in children in xijing hospital received MP antibody detection,the positive cases were 2 971,the total positive rate was 30.79 ％.MP-IgM antibody positive rates between different age groups had significant differences,in which infants' group has the lowest(7.00 ％),and with the age growing,the positive rate increased.The positive rates in different age groups of toddler,preschool age,and school age were 27.29 ％,36.10 ％ and 37.76 ％ respec tively.The positive rates of MP-IgM antibody in different quarter were different.The highest antibody positive rate was found in the first quarter (January-March),followed by the fourth quarter,the third quarter and the second quarter.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion There was MP infection prevalence in Xi'an from 2015 to 2016.The positive rate in children increased with the age,the peak of infection was in the first quarter,so the detection and prevention of MP should be strengthened at that time of the year.