不同妊娠期妇女碘营养状况与甲状腺功能检测研究

摘要

Objective To study the iodine nutritional status and the thyroid function of pregnant women during different periods,and provide scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Totally 728 pregnant women who visited the obstetric outpatient of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital for routine prenatal care from December 2014 to August 2016 were recruited in this study,and at the same time 182 non-pregnant women were recruited as control group.The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured by Roche 601.The urinary iodine level was measured by SR-I-100 kit.Results The median urinary iodine of 728 pregnant women was 168.24 g/L,and the median urinary iodine of those women in the T1,T2 and T3 period were 186.31,162.65 and 148.76 g/L,respectively.The TSH at T1 period was lower than T2 and T3 period (t=3.429,3.135,P＜0.05).The FT4 at T1 period was higher than T2 and T3 period (t=5.251,5.965,P＜ 0.05).The prevalence rate of thyroid disease in normal urinary iodine group was lower than that in low urinary iodine group and high urinary iodine group (x2 =4.139,4.131,P＜0.05).Conclusion There was no iodine deficiency among those pregnant women groups,but only 34.75 ％ individuals reached the appropriate iodine nutritional level,and the ratio of iodine insufficient increased with the extension of pregnancy.The whole prevalence rate of thyroid disease in abnormal urinary iodine pregnant women was obviously higher than that in normal.It is necessary to improve the pregnant women's knowledge of iodine nutrition,moreover it is suggested that urinary iodine monitoring and thyroid function should be conducted in pregnant women.%目的 了解不同妊娠期妇女碘营养状况及甲状腺功能变化,为指导孕妇合理补碘提供依据.方法 选取2014年12月～2016年8月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院进行常规产前检查的妊娠妇女728例作为研究对象,选取同期年龄匹配的健康非妊娠妇女182例作为对照组;采用Roche 601全自动电化学发光仪检测血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)和血清游离甲状腺素(FT4),采用微量元素检测仪SR-I-100碘专用型试剂盒检测尿碘.结果 728例妊娠妇女尿碘中位数为168.24g/L,其中T1,T2和T3期尿碘中位数分别为186.31,162.65和148.76 g/L;TSH检测结果中T1期低于T2和T3期,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.429,3.135,P均＜0.05),FT4检测结果中T1期高于T2和T3期,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.251,5.965,P均＜0.05);正常尿碘组的甲状腺疾病总患病率低于低尿碘组和高尿碘组,差异均有统计学意义(x2=4.139,4.131,P均＜0.05).结论 该妊娠妇女群体不存在碘缺乏,但只有34.75％的妊娠妇女个体达到WHO推荐的尿碘最适量水平,随着妊娠期的进展,妊娠妇女个体碘缺乏呈加重趋势;异常尿碘水平孕妇的甲状腺疾病总患病率高于正常尿碘水平孕妇;必须加强对妊娠妇女碘营养知识的健康教育,建议开展孕期尿碘水平动态监测和甲状腺功能筛查.