2013～2015年重症监护病房的呼吸机相关性肺炎病原学构成及耐药性分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the changes of distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) in seven intensive care units from January 2013 to December 2015,so that provides information for clinical antibiotic treatment.Methods Collected the patient records diagnosed with VAP to get the distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for VAP in ICU from January 2013 to December 2015.Compared the distribution of isolated pathogens for VAP among three year with Chi-square tests,and compared the drug resistance of main isolated pathogens with Nonparametric tests.Results 177 patients were diagnosed with VAP from January 2013 to December 2015.A total of 192 strains of pathogens were isolated from the VAP patients in ICU.Among which the gram-negative bacteria were dominant.It took up 90.6％.There was no significant statistical difference for the distribution of pathogens (x2 =2.372,P=0.668＞0.05).Analyzed the drug resistance rate and trends for the primary pathogens like Acinetobacter Bauman,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus,among which,the drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman from 2013 to 2015 made statistical difference.Conclusion The major pathogen isolated from VAP patients was gram-negative bacteria from January 2013 to December 2015,especially for Acinetobacter Bauman.Drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman was serious.Should administrated appropriate to treat the VAP infection resulted from Acinetobacter Bauman.%目的 分析重症监护病房(ICU)2013～2015年呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原学构成及耐药性变化,为临床抗菌治疗提供方向.方法 收集2013年1月～2015年12月ICU诊断为呼吸机相关性肺炎的病例资料,统计病例病原菌总体构成及主要病原菌的耐药率,采用卡方检验比较三年的病原学构成比,秩和检验比较主要病原菌的耐药情况.结果 2013年～2015年,共有177例呼吸机相关性肺炎感染患者,分离菌株192株,以革兰氏阴性菌为主,占90.6％,三年病原学构成比的比较差异无统计学意义(x2=2.372,P=0.668＞0.05).比较主要病原菌鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的药敏分析情况,其中鲍曼不动杆菌不同年份药敏分析比较差异有统计学意义.结论 2013～2015年呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,特别是鲍曼不动杆菌.呼吸机相关性肺炎感染病例检出的鲍曼不动杆菌耐药很严重,应针对鲍曼不动杆菌引起的呼吸机相关性肺炎足够、恰当用药.