细菌产生的活性氧及其功能

摘要

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is a kind of oxygenous small molecular substance with extremely strong chemical activity generated during aerobic metabolism of aerobe and specific enzymes.It has two major generation ap-proaches according to its production mechanism.The first one is ROS generated by single electron transfer in respira-tion.Generally the superfluous ROS generated from this approach has great oxidative damage to biomacromolecule and is closely related to many diseases.The second one is the small amount of ROS generated by specific enzymes.Usual-ly believing, the ROS generated by this approach has the effect of killing invasive foreign microorganism.However, recently a large number of studies have shown that the ROS generated by this approach have multiple physiological functions such as signal molecular and genetic switch.Simultaneously, antioxidant system of organisms also can di-rectly regulate the level of ROS.This paper observed on the research achievement of ROS in bacteria recently and the existing problems and the future development.%活性氧（ Reactive Oxygen Species，ROS）是需氧生物有氧代谢和专一酶类产生的含氧的、化学活性极强的一类小分子物质。按照其产生机理可分为两大产生途径，其一是呼吸作用中发生的单电子转移产生的ROS，通常认为此途径产生过量的ROS对生物大分子具有极强的氧化损伤，与多种疾病密切相关；其二是由专一酶类产生的少量ROS，一般认为此途径产生的ROS具有杀灭入侵的外来微生物的作用，但近年来大量研究表明，此途径产生的ROS可行使信号分子和基因开关等多种生理功能。同时，生物体自身的抗氧化系统也可直接调控ROS的水平。本文综合分析近年来对细菌中的ROS的研究成果，并对目前存在的问题和未来的发展进行评述。