病毒穿越血脑屏障的两种方式与可能机制

摘要

血脑屏障是维持中枢神经系统内环境稳定的重要结构,限制血液中大多数病原体的入侵;但有些病毒可穿越血脑屏障入侵中枢神经系统,导致神经功能障碍及炎症性疾病.目前认为,病毒可通过细胞和细胞间隙两种方式穿越血脑屏障,前者为直接感染脑微血管内皮细胞和跨细胞途径,后者为破坏内皮细胞间紧密连接及"特洛伊木马"途径.本文就近年来病毒穿越血脑屏障的途径和机制进行综述.%The blood―brain barrier (BBB) is an important protective structure to maintain the homeostasis of the central nervous system ,limiting the invasion of most pathogens in the blood .Some viruses can cross the BBB to invade the central nervous system by cellular and (or ) paracellular ways , causing neurological dysfunction .The cellular ways consist of direct infection of the brain microvascular endothelial cells and transcellular pathway . The paracellular ways are composed of breaching of the tight junction between endothelial cells and the "Trojan horse" pathway .In this review ,the current research progress on viral impacts on the BBB is summarized .