CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在致瘤病毒感染研究中的应用

摘要

成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白9〔clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9),CRISPR/Cas9〕基因编辑技术的发现源于真细菌和古细菌中CRISPR/Cas系统介导的适应性免疫机制研究.该技术利用特异性向导RNA识别靶点基因,引导核酸内切酶Cas9对其切割,并通过同源重组或非同源末端连接完成对目的DNA的编辑.某些病毒感染机体后,可将其基因组整合到宿主细胞基因组中或潜伏于组织中而无法被彻底清除,从而引起持续性感染.本文参考2013年以来CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术的最新相关研究报道,重点综述其在人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)、人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV )、乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)、 Epstein-Barr病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)等致瘤病毒感染相关疾病研究中的应用,并概括其作用于这些病毒的有效靶点.%Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology was originated from the study of microbial CRISPR adaptive immune system, by using a specific guide RNA to identify target genes and guide endonuclease of Cas9.Some viral genomes are integrated into the cellular genome or lurk in the organization resulting in persistent infection.This review refers to the latest research results since 2013, focusing on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in tumorigenic virus infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).