1971-2010年黑龙江省蒸发量气候变化特征

摘要

Based on the observational data in 63 weather stations from 1971 to 2010 in Heilongjiang province,the spatial and temporal characters of pan evaporation and actual evaporation were analyzed using methods of a climate trend coefficient and a climatic tendency.The results show that pan evaporation is in a decreasing trend in Heilongjiang province and its climatic trend is-62.7 mm per decade in the recent 40 years,especially in spring and summer.For the spatial distribution,pan evaporation is also in a decreasing trend in the whole province,while its trend in the local region is not synchronized with the whole one.Among the meteorological factors,wind speed and diurnal temperature range (DTR) are the key elements effecting pan evaporation.The annual actual evaporation accounts for 30％ of pan evaporation and is in a slightly increasing trend,while its trend is not significant.The actual evaporation is significantly correlated with precipitation,sunshine duration and DTR,especially with DTR.%利用1971-2010年黑龙江省63个气象站地面气象观测数据,应用气候趋势系数、气候倾向率等方法分析黑龙江省蒸发皿蒸发量和实际蒸发量的时空演变特征.结果表明:近40a来,黑龙江省蒸发皿蒸发量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-62.7mm/10 a,春季和夏季下降显著.从空间分布看,全省蒸发皿蒸发量呈下降趋势,但局部地区与气候变化趋势并不完全同步.在影响蒸发皿蒸发量的气象因子中,风速和气温日较差是影响其下降的关键因素.黑龙江省大部分地区年实际蒸发量占蒸发皿蒸发量的30％,实际蒸发量呈微弱上升趋势,但不显著.实际蒸发量与降水、日照时数和气温日较差显著相关,日较差是影响其变化的首要原因.