利用TRNSYS软件模拟了1981—2010年天津市典型办公建筑采暖和制冷能耗，采用百分位法确定逐日和逐时的能耗极端值，分析了极端能耗对气候响应的特征，以期为办公建筑采暖和制冷节能提供依据。结果表明：1981—2010年天津市典型办公建筑采暖极端能耗日数呈下降的趋势，而制冷极端能耗日数呈上升的趋势，均未通过显著性检验。此外，极端能耗占总能耗的比例也没有显著的变化趋势。采暖日极端能耗主要受温度和风速影响，而制冷日极端能耗则受温度、湿度和辐射的共同影响。干球温度、湿球温度、风速及辐射对采暖小时极端能耗均有影响，其中采暖小时极端能耗对风速和辐射的响应存在延迟；制冷小时极端能耗主要受湿球温度和辐射影响，对辐射的响应没有延迟，而对湿球温度的响应存在2—3h的延迟。可见，天津市典型办公建筑采暖和空调制冷系统节能设计及安全运行需考虑不同气象因子的影响。%The study simulated heating and cooling energy consumption of typical office building during 1981 to 2010 in Tianjin based on a TRNSYS energy simulation software. Daily or hourly extreme energy consumption was determined by a percentile method and the response of extreme energy consumption to climate was analyzed in or-der to provide references for energy conservation of typical office building. The results show that the number of ex-treme heating energy consumption days is in a decreasing trend,while that of the cooling is in an increasing trend. Both are not significant at a confidence test. Also,the percentage of extreme energy consumption to the total does not change significantly. The extreme heating energy consumption is mainly influenced by temperature and wind, whereas the cooling is dominantly related to temperature,moisture and solar radiation. The dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature,wind speed and solar radiation influence the hourly extreme heating energy consumption. There is a delay of hourly extreme heating energy consumption on wind speed and solar radiation. On the other hand,wet bulb temperature and solar radiation influence the hourly extreme cooling energy consumption. No delay is found in the impacts of solar radiation on hourly extreme cooling energy consumption,while the response to wet bulb temperature delays 2 -3 hours. Building energy conservation design and operation phases should therefore fully take into account of the different meteorological factors in winter and summer.
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