民航飞行员生理特征与年龄相关变化

摘要

目的 心血管疾病是飞行员的多发常见病,也是导致飞行员空中失能和医学停飞的主要危险因素.本文旨在探讨中国民航飞行员生理特征与年龄相关变化及其与心血管异常相关性.方法 研究对象为国航飞行大队男性飞行员总计683人,其中595人为汉族,年龄22 ～ 61岁；87人为外籍飞行员,年龄39～61岁.通过问卷调查和体格检查获取每个人的人口学信息和生理、生化指标数据.研究人群分为大于和小于等于40岁两个年龄组,完成组间生理、生化特征比较分析.结果 (1)年龄＞ 40岁组超重和肥胖比例数较≤40岁组明显增加(P ＜0.001)；前者血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇和血糖水平明显高于后者,组间比较P值分别＜ 0.0001,0.0001和0.001.相反,前者血浆高密度脂蛋白水平明显低于后者,1.25±0.27mmol/L vs 1.19±0.33mmol/L,P=0.0005.(2)年龄＞40岁中国飞行员与同龄外籍飞行员比较,前者血浆甘油三酯异常率和水平均高于后者.差异显著,分别为35.76％ vs 16.09％,P=0.0005和1.42mmol/L vs 1.12mmol/L,P＜0.0001.反之,外籍飞行员血浆总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平明显高于中国飞行员,P值分别为0.0002和＜0.0001.结论 超重、肥胖和高甘油三酯水平是飞行员心血管病多发的主要危险因素.减少肥胖和降低甘油三酯水平将是预防飞行员发生高血压和动脉粥样硬化的有效措施.%Objective Cardiovascular disease is the most common disease in pilots, and severe cardiovascular disease is of concern in aviation because of its potential to cause sudden in flight incapacitation, which is becoming the first cause to be grounded until the doctor says he can fly again. The aim of this study is to investigate the physiological characteristics and its change with age as well as the association with cardiovascular abnormalities in Chinese Civil aviation pilots. Methods Totally 683 male civil aviation pilots were selected from national civil aviation flying troop, including 595 Chinese ,22-61 years old, and 87 foreign pilots, 39-61 years old. All of the basic data were obtained from those subjects by questionare and standardized physical examination. Results ( 1 ) Abnormal prevalence of overweight and obesity as well the level of TC, TG and blood glucose in plasma were higher in the individuals of age > 40 years than those in age ≤ 40 years ( all P < 0. 001). However, the level of H DL - C was significantly lower in the individuals of age > 40 years than that in age ≤40 years(P= 0.0005) (1.25 ±0. 27mmol/L vs 1. 19 ±0. 33mmol/L). (2) The adnormal prevalence and the level of TG in plasma were higher in Chinese pilots of age >40 years than in those foreign pilots (35.76% vs 16.09% ,P =0.0005 and 1.42mmol/L vs 1. 12mmol/ L, P < 0. 0001 , respectively). On the contrary, the levels of TC and LDL - C in plasma were significantly higher in the foreign pilots than those in Chinese of age >40 years, and P value was 0. 0002 and P <0. 001 , respectively. Conclusion Overweight, obesity and high level of TG are the remarkable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Chinese civil aviation pilots.