适配子治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征的研究进展

摘要

适配子(aptamer)是在体外人工合成的具有特定3级结构的单链DNA或RNA分子,从随机寡核苷酸文库中通过配体指数富集系统进化技术( systematic evolution of ligands by exponential Enrichment,SELEX)筛选出来,能与靶分子以高亲和力、高特异性结合.由于适配子和靶分子结合后可阻断靶分子的生物学活性,与相应抗体分子相比,适配子具有许多优越性,如分子量小、易于修饰、无免疫原性等,因而在各种疾病的治疗中具有广阔的应用前景.文中就适配子治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒1(human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-1)感染所致的获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)的研究进展作一综述,以深入研究适配子对病原体感染的治疗作用.%Aptamers are synthetic single strand oligonucleotides, which have unique three dimensional structures and provide high specificity and affinity for binding their targets. They are screened from large oligonucleotide pools by the SELEX technology. Their characteristics are superior to antibodies in many aspects. They may substitute antibodies to determine the levels and inhibit the bioactivities of their targets. There are broad application prospects for aptamers in the treatment of varied diseases. This review presents an overview of aptamers and their applications in the treatment of AIDS.