从“读者的责任”到“观众的责任”——关联理论对字幕翻译的解释力

摘要

电影是一种具有鲜明大众性、广泛性和传播性的文化形态，也是人们了解外国文化的重要窗口和途径。事实上，很多人并不具备直接欣赏外语影片的能力。因此，作为一种新兴而又特殊的翻译模式，电影字幕翻译已经成为翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领域。在字幕翻译中，字幕翻译者基于自己认知语境中的各种知识连接起原作者与目的语观众双方，试图取得翻译字幕的关联性，产生最佳的语境效果，使得目的语观众通过字幕，以最小的努力来充分理解和欣赏电影。通过对字幕、字幕翻译的特点与原则以及关联理论对字幕翻译的解释力进行分析，基于格特“读者的责任”这一观点，我们提出“观众的责任”——观众在欣赏影片时的参与度与宽容，从而促进文化交流的成功。%Movie, a form with characteristics of popularity, universality and diffusibility, serves as an im- portant window to the outside world and foreign cultures. Actually, not every one can watch and under- stand it without the help of subtitle. As a relatively new and special translation mode, in this circum- stances, subtitle translation has become a more and more important branch of translation. In subtitle translation, the subtitler combines the speaker and the target viewer together with his own information and knowledge in his own cognitive context, trying to achieve the optimal relevance and produce the optimal contextual effects to make the original intention explicit enough for the target viewers to understand with less information-processing effort. Based on Gutt＇s Reader＇ s Responsibility , this paper, by analyzing subtitles, subtitle translation and its relation with relevance theory, puts forward viewer＇s responsibili- ty -viewer＇ s participation and tolerance in watching movies, so as to reach a successful cross-cultural communication.