森林生态系统粗木质残体生态功能研究进展

摘要

In forest ecosystems,coarse woody debris (CWD)play a key role,including their direct eco-logical functions such as:water conservation,maintainning nutrient elements cycle,providing seed-beds to plants,being the habitats of fungi and animal,and effect forest ecosystem directly as a ecology element,by widely concerned at home and abroad.CWD also have the indirect ecological functions of indicating forest types and stand age,expressing the level of forest renewal and disaster interference, expecting various disasters and the stability of element cycling in forest ecosystems,global warming and CO2concentration dynamics in atmosphere.People pay little attention to the indirect ecological functions above.The different properties of CWD,such as volumes,species,forms,decay classes, could influence the ecological structure internal and surrounding,and could also influence the utiliza-tion intensity of CWD by the ecological components surrounding them,eventually,influence the eco-logical functional efficiency of CWD.This review briefly summarized the direct and indirect ecological functions of CWD,and discussed the exerting extents of the CWD functions which are influenced by the characters of the CWD themselves.Based on our investigation and analysis:T he prospective of CWD research should enhance the accuracy of the measurements and research depth of the large di-ameter-class CWD.The boundary of forests such as alpine timberlines,the climate-sensitive regions, the eco-environment fragile sections,the regions which were just affected by disasters,the upstream regions and the regions which play important roles in the whole watershed and the regions which were suffered serious human interference should be the emphasis in the research of CWD in the fu-ture.%森林生态系统中的粗木质残体(Coarse Woody Debris,CWD)具有调蓄水分、维护养分元素循环、提供植物苗床、作为菌类及动物的栖息地等直接生态功能,影响着其周围的生态系统,近年来在国内外已受广泛关注.同时,CWD也有指示森林的林型、林龄、可持续更新程度、受灾害干扰强度和未来灾害发生预期、森林生态系统元素循环的稳定性、全球变暖及大气中CO2变化等间接生态功能.迄今,有关CWD的间接生态功能尚无系统的归纳总结,且CWD的体积、树种、存在方式、腐解等级等性状会影响其内部和周围的生态结构,也会影响周围生态组分对CWD中养分等资源利用的强度,影响到CWD生态功能的发挥效率.文章综述了CWD的直接生态功能和间接生态功能,以及CWD自身性状对其功能发挥程度的影响,并通过分析指出未来有关CWD的研究应加强大径级CWD的测量精度和研究深度,研究区域应偏重森林边界如林线、林缘等对气候变化响应敏感的地区、生态环境脆弱地区、刚经历自然灾害或自然灾害易发地区、河流上游等对全流域有重大影响的地区、人为干扰严重地区.