从整体主义的伦理观看莎翁喜剧《皆大欢喜》

摘要

The Shakespearean comedy As You Like It is pregnant with ethical implications. The variety of human relationships,especially the relationship of love between Orlando and Rosalind,reveals the disadvantages of the non-holistic outlook on ethic,indirectly and symbolically showing the advantages of the holistic outlook on ethic. In accordance with the holistic outlook on ethic,the relationship between human beings,instead of human beings as entities,is regarded as the ultimate criterion for ethical assessment,or in other terms-the judgment of ethical value,thereby rendering resolution to the contradiction between the subject and the object. In that way,human beings can constitute a system of holistic existents,and come into more harmonious relationships.%　　莎士比亚喜剧《皆大欢喜》是一部富于伦理内涵的剧作。剧中展示的多种人际关系，尤其是奥兰多与罗瑟琳之间的爱人关系，揭示了非整体主义的伦理观的弊端，间接地、象征性地提示了整体主义的伦理观的优越性。整体主义的伦理观以人与人之间的关系而不是人的实体作为伦理考量或者说伦理价值判断的终极标准，能够解决主体与客体之间的矛盾。如此，人与人便能构成整体主义的存在者体系，处于更加和谐的关系之中。