To analyze the species composition, standing stock, spatial distribution and historical change of unionids, two investigations were carried out at 129 sites in eight areas of Lake Taihu in October 2016 and October 2017. A total of 704 unionid individuals were collected, belonging to 8 genera and 14 species. The mean biomass and density of unionids were 4.169±9.337 g/m2and0.164±0.386 ind./m2, respectively. The mean biomass and density differed significantly among the areas in Lake Taihu. The biomass and density were highest in eastern lakeshore area, with the values of 14.975±16.743 g/m2 and 0.577 ± 0.758 ind./m2, respectively. The lowest biomass and density were recorded in central area of Lake Taihu with the values of 0.727±1.622 g/m2and0.029±0.071 ind./m2, respectively. The Arconaia lanceolata, Unio douglasiae and Anodonta woodiana woodiana were dominant species in Lake Taihu. The eight areas of Lake Taihu were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis using mean density of unionids. Compared to historical data, the unionid resources appeared an obvious decline, which suggested an effective management and conservation of unionids in Lake Taihu be strengthened.%于2016年10月和2017年10月对太湖全湖8个湖区129个样点的蚌类进行调查, 分析蚌类的物种组成、现存量、空间分布及历史变化.共采集到蚌类704个个体, 隶属8属14种.全湖蚌类平均生物量和密度分别为4.169±9.337 g/m2和0.164±0.386 ind./m2;各湖区蚌类平均生物量和密度差异较大, 东部沿岸区生物量和密度最高, 分别为14.975±16.743 g/m2和0.577±0.758 ind./m2;湖心区生物量和密度最低, 仅为0.727±1.622 g/m2和0.029±0.071 ind./m2.扭蚌 (Arconaia lanceolata) 、圆顶珠蚌 (Unio douglasiae) 和背角无齿蚌 (Anodonta woodiana woodiana) 为太湖现阶段的优势种.基于蚌类平均密度的聚类分析, 8个湖区分为3类.与历史数据相比, 太湖蚌类资源呈明显衰退趋势, 现状不容乐观, 需加强对太湖蚌类的保护和资源的有效管理.
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