君子对待善恶政治的伦理抉择--《论语》和《左传》中“子曰”比论

摘要

Zuo Zhuan contains a passage of " Zi Yue" ( quotation of Confucius) giving moral evaluation on the event of " Xie Ye's death-incurring admonishment" , which seems contradictory with Confucius' usual ethical claims and is thought by some scholars as not Confucius' genuine idea. However, based on detailed analyses, especially comparison with" Zi Yue" passages in The Analects, it is our opinion that the passage is not contradictory with Confucius's thoughts and rather it is a reflection of Confucius' prudence in commentary on political ethics and in the complexity of the comment itself. Centering on this theme, this essay analyzes some other passages of " ZiYue" in Zuo Zhuan for further proof of their mutual complement with those in The Analects and indicates their values for better understanding of Confucius' political-ethical thoughts.%《左传》中一段“子曰”对“泄冶死谏”的道德评判，看似与孔子一贯的伦理主张不合，乃至有些学者怀疑这里的“子曰”并非孔子的言论。但经过分析尤其是通过与《论语》中类似“子曰”的比较，它与孔子的思想没有矛盾，而毋宁是体现了孔子评价政治伦理行为的慎重态度及其评价本身的复杂面相。围绕君子如何对待善恶政治这一主题，进而分析了《左传》中其它几段“子曰”，以作为佐证说明，它们可以与《论语》的相关思想互补，从而更全面深入地理解孔子的政治伦理思想。