禽畜肉中重金属铜、铅、镉的稀酸浸提方法

摘要

为了高效快速检测样品中的重金属，满足酶联免疫法检测禽畜肉中重金属的要求，本实验以常见的易受重金属污染的禽畜肉产品（鸡肉、鸭肉、猪肉和牛肉）为对象，研究稀盐酸、稀硫酸和稀硝酸浸提其重金属铜、铅和镉的效果．研究表明，盐酸、硫酸和硝酸的最佳浸提浓度分别为1、2、2 mol/L，浸提时间分别为10、15、15 min，浸提温度分别为10～90、4～90、10～90℃．与微波消解法相比，3种稀酸浸提禽畜肉中重金属铜、铅和镉的效果为稀硝酸＞稀硫酸＞稀盐酸．稀盐酸、稀硫酸和稀硝酸浸提的加标回收率分别为62％～92％、91％～112％、97％～107％．综合3种稀酸浸提所需的时间、温度及回收率等因素，稀硫酸和稀硝酸浸提法的操作可行性较高．利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）和酶联免疫法（ELISA）分别检测稀酸浸提液的铜，并对两种检测方法的结果进行线性回归，显示两种检测方法的结果具有显著的线性相关（P＜T0．01，25），表明稀酸浸提法可满足酶联免疫法检测禽畜肉产品中重金属的样品前处理要求．%In order to meet the requirements for detection of heavy metals by ELISA assay,rapid methods for extraction of heavy metals (Cu,Pb,Cd)with dilute acid (HCl,HNO3 ,H2 SO4 )were in-vestigated and established in livestock and poultry meat products (pork,beef,chicken and duck).The results showed the optimal extraction concentrations,extraction time and temperature conditions were 1 mol/L,1 0 min and 1 0~90 ℃,2 mol/L,1 5 min and 4~90 ℃,2 mol/L,1 5 min and 1 0~90 ℃ for HCl,H2 SO4 and HNO3 solution,respectively.Compared with the national standard extraction method, the percent recoveries of standard addition of heavy metals (Cu,Pb,Cd )were 62%~92%、91%~1 1 2%、97%~1 07% for HCl,H2 SO4 and HNO3 ,respectively.This suggested that the order for extrac-tion efficiency of these acid extractions was HNO3 >H2 SO4 >HCl.Considering the factors of the extrac-tion time,temperature and recovery of standard addition,the extraction methods with H2 SO4 and HNO3 solution were feasible.The both groups concentrations of Cu,extracted from livestock and poultry prod-ucts by dilute acid pretreatment method,and determined by ICP method and ELISA assay respectively, were significantly correlated (P