中国居民对邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂暴露的现状分析

摘要

邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalic acid esters,PAEs)是一类常用的增塑剂,在日常生活用品中广泛使用.PAEs是较典型的环境内分泌干扰物,可通过饮食摄入、呼吸吸入和皮肤接触等途径进入人体,具有生殖毒性,与很多生殖疾病及癌变关系密切.我国居民暴露于PAEs非常普遍,PAEs的人体暴露研究已在我国广泛展开,本文以PAEs外暴露和内暴露两个方面为出发点,系统综述了我国不同地区居民经室内空气、灰尘、食品及个人护理品等介质,PAEs的外暴露水平以及不同地区不同年龄段居民尿液中PAEs的内暴露水平,分析我国居民体内PAEs的暴露情况以及各种PAEs的来源,并在此基础上,分析了当前研究中存在的不足之处,提出内暴露和外暴露同步研究、人体PAEs暴露质量平衡模型以及PAEs职业暴露等是未来人体PAEs暴露研究的发展方向.%Phthalicacid esters (PAEs),a group of common used plasticizers,are frequently found in our consumer products on a daily base.They are typical environmental endocrine disruptors,which may enter into human body through digestion,inhalation and dermal contaction.PAEs are related with a lot of reproductive diseases and identified to have reproductive toxicities.Researches on human exposure to PAEs have been widely carried out in China,which suggested that Chinese population were widely exposed to PAEs.This study systematically reviewed external exposure levels of PAEs on Chinese population through indoor air,dust,food and personal care products,and internal exposure levels reflected by human urine.Based on the analysis of occurrences of PAEs in environments and human body,and their related human exposure and potential sources.The limitation of current researches was pointed out.In summary,the internal exposure combined with external exposure,mass balance model of human exposure and occupational exposure are several hot points in further researches on PAEs.