一年蓬化感物质的初步分离和生物测定

摘要

一年蓬[Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers.]水浸液经极性由小到大的溶剂(石油醚、乙醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇)依次提取分离后,得到5个组分的提取物.将水浸液和各浸提液分别设5个浓度梯度,以蒸馏水为对照,对白菜、萝卜种子进行发芽试验.结果表明:高质量浓度的5种溶剂浸提液对白菜、萝卜的种子发芽、幼苗根茎长和幼苗鲜重都有较强的抑制作用,而质量浓度为0.002 5g/mL时所有组分都促进白菜幼苗茎的生长.石油醚提取物溶液在低浓度时对白菜和萝卜幼苗的根茎长和鲜重有一定的促进作用.经高浓度一年蓬水浸液处理的白菜、萝卜种子几乎不发芽,而经过不同有机溶剂萃取后的剩余水相对白菜、萝卜种子萌发的抑制作用较小,0.012 5 g/mL的处理其白菜、萝卜发芽率分别仅比清水对照低14.5%和14.4%,而对幼苗鲜重、白菜株高、萝卜幼苗的根长和株高都有显著的促进作用.对白菜、萝卜种子发芽和幼苗生长的抑制强度由大到小依次为氯仿提取物>乙醚提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>正丁醇提取物>石油醚提取物.%Using petroleum ether, ethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol extracted Annual Fleabane, we obtained five components, plus the residual water phase and the original water extract, and set five quality concentrations by using distilled water as control.The seed germination and growth of Chinese cabbage and radish were experimented.The results showed that high concentration solution of petroleuro ether, ethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extract has a strong inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling growth and seedling fresh weight of Chinese cabbage and radish.On the contrary, the concentration 0.002 5 g/mL of all the coroponents has certain promoting effect on stem length of cabbage seedlings.Low concentration of petroleum ether extract solution has a certain role in promoting seedling root length and fresh weight of Chinese cabbage and radish.High concentration of water extract of annual fieabane treated Chinese cabbage and radish almoost have no seed germination, but different concentrations of the remaining water phase extracted by different organic solvents have a less inhibitory effect on Chinese cabbage and radish seed germination, the concentration of 0.0125 g/mL treated Chinese cabbage and radish germination rate is only smaller than ck, 14.5％ and 14.4％ respectively, it has certain promoting effect on seedling fresh weight, stem length seedling root length and stem length.Overall, the order of inhibition intensity for Chinese cabbage and radish seed germination and seedling growth from strong to weak is chloroform extract ＞ ethyl ether extract ＞ ethyl acetate extract ＞ nbutanol extract ＞ petroleum ether extract.