松嫩平原哈尔滨地区地下水化学特征及污染状况∗

摘要

The Songnen plain′s groundwater environment is deteriorating, and it becomes an impor⁃tant factor of restricting social economic development and ecological balance. The important city in Songnen plain⁃Harbin and its peripheral regions were selected to be the study area. Years of water testing data in Quaternary unconfined water, and Quaternary confined water were chosen, and de⁃scriptive statistics analysis, ion ratio coefficient of main ions, piper diagram and universal Krige were used to analyze chemical characteristics and pollution situation of groundwater. The results show that groundwater in the study area is mainly formed by lixiviation, Ca2+and HCO3-are respectively the major cation and anion, the main hydrochemical type is HCO3-Ca,and the high levels of total hardness and Cl- and SO4 2- are affecting groundwater quality. Ion reactions in the groundwater sys⁃tem mainly come from the weathering and dissolving of carbonate and sulphate, the ion exchange re⁃actions are also of common occurrence;the“3⁃nitrogen” pollution is serious and distributes widely.%针对松嫩平原地下水环境日益恶化，制约该区社会经济发展和生态平衡的现状，选择松嫩平原的第一大城市和松花江流经的重要城市———哈尔滨市区及其周边地区作为研究区，依据区内数年第四系潜水、第四系承压水的水样检测数据，综合运用描述性统计分析、离子比例系数法、Piper三线图示法及Kriging差值法，系统分析了该区地下水的水化学特征和农业污染现状。结果表明：研究区地下水以入渗溶滤水为主， HCO3－和Ca2＋分别是地下水中较稳定的主要阴、阳离子，HCO3－Ca是主要的水化学类型；部分地区由于总硬度和Cl－、SO42－的明显升高影响地下水水质；地下水系统中离子反应主要来自于碳酸盐和硫酸盐类的风化溶解，且发生着离子交换作用；“三氮”污染超标严重且分布面积广。