5个不同卷曲程度的卷叶近等基因系配合力和育种价值评价∗

摘要

Appropriate leaf rolling index is one of the important morphological traits in rice breeding for ideal plant type. According to the NCⅡheredity mating design, we used five near⁃isogenic lines ( NILs) showing various leaf rolling index respective to cross with five restorer lines to obtain 25 hy⁃brid rice lines. By investigating 10 important agronomic traits on these hybrid rice lines, combining abilities of the five NILs were evaluated as well as the heritability of each trait. Results showed that:the three traits of spikelet number per plant, seed setting ration and heading date were mainly genet⁃ically controlled by gene additive effects, showing the highest heritability. In total, the remaining six traits were genetically controlled by both gene additive and non⁃additive effects, and among them flag leaf width was mostly affected by non⁃additive effect. Leaf rolling indexes of the hybrid rice lines were mainly affected by parents of NILs. The QMX( YSBR1) NIL had high general combining ability ( GCA) effect, revealed by the higher plant yield of hybrid rice lines developed by this NIL, demon⁃strating QMX(YSBR1) was the best hybrid rice breeding parent, followed by QMX(5408)and QMX ( PS) NILs. These results will offer valuable references for further developing high⁃yield hybrid rice with rolled leaf as well as for identifying leaf rolling genes with high breeding potential.%叶片适度卷曲是水稻理想株型育种中的重要性状之一。按NCⅡ遗传交配设计，以5份不同卷曲程度的水稻卷叶近等基因系为母本与5个常用恢复系相互杂交配组得到25个杂交组合，考察各杂交组合的10个主要农艺性状并进行配合力和遗传力分析。结果表明：单株穗数、结实率、生育期这3个性状主要受基因加性效应控制，遗传力较高，其他性状受基因加性和非加性效应共同影响，剑叶宽受基因非加性效应的影响最大；各杂交组合的剑叶卷曲度主要受供试母本中的卷叶基因所控制；近等基因系QMX（ YSBR1）的一般配合力效应高，由其配制的杂交组合的单株产量最高，是较好的育种亲本；其次为QMX（5408）和QMX（PS）。研究结果可为进一步开展卷叶高产品种的选育和定位高育种价值的卷叶基因提供重要参考依据。