理论语言学术语“合语法性”有着多重含义，按传统的语法学理论，即使是广义的“合语法性”也只包括合语法和不合语法两种情况。随着描写语法、语料库语言学等的兴起，揭示了处于传统的“合语法”、“不合语法”之间过渡地带或两者以外的十分复杂的语言现象，认知语法特别是构式语法的兴起清晰显示了合语法性名目下以往被隐匿的一个侧面：超语法（性）。我们从一个视角正式提出合语法性的三分法：合语法、不合语法和超语法。这三者的并列确立，充分体现了语言的社会属性。超语法是语法层面的一种现象，是仍被认可、被接受的特异语法现象，与修辞学上的超常用法有同亦有异。当代语言学的发展趋势之一就是十分重视超语法现象的研究。%A term of theoretical linguistics,‘grammaticality’is polysemous.Traditionally,even in its broad sense it is re-garded to have only two aspects:grammaticalness and ungrammaticalness.The rise of descriptive grammar and corpus linguistics has brought to light the complex linguistic phenomena at the transit point between grammaticalness and un-grammaticalness or beyond,and the rise of cognitive linguistics (esp.construction grammar)has highlighted one of the aspects of grammaticality,i.e.extragrammaticalness,which was shadowed previously.From certain point of view we di-vide grammaticality into three states:grammaticalness,ungrammaticalness and extragrammaticalness.The recognition of grammaticality’s three states at the same level can exemplify the social attributes of language.Extragrammaticalness is of grammar category,and it is an idiosyncratic grammatical phenomenon accepted by the native speakers.It shares some points in common with and differs from extraordinary usage or supernormal usage,which is of rhetoric category.One of the tendencies of contemporary linguistics is to attach importance to the study of extragrammtical expressions.
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