从汉《郊祀歌》与汉画像看汉代人的诗性力量

摘要

从“诗可以兴”回归到“兴”在宗教祭祀的基础性作用，可以看到中国文化从“诗之兴”向“思之兴”延伸的路线。借助于“兴”这个概念，可以从原始的巫术祭祀文化中剥离出乐舞仪式时空中迷醉的状态，这是远古遗留而来的诗性力量。汉代，这种诗性力量又有其独特性。在汉乐府《郊祀歌》与汉画像互文性的阐释中，通过生死之境的构筑，汉代开拓出独特的诗性空间，它存在于汉乐府诗歌的兴发之中，也印证在汉画像的视觉叙述中。通过这种阐释，可以看到汉代鼓舞乐可以养兴，宴飨饮酒可以养兴，祥禽异兽也可以养兴，这种兴发的状态是为了突破汉代个体生命的有限，而向外去寻找仙境的虚幻，借助于生命总体的永恒性来突破现实的桎梏，彰显汉代人独特的诗性力量，同时也体现出了一种超神御魔的大汉浪漫。%Frompoetry can flourishtoflourishto playing a fundamental role in religion sacrifice,there exists an ex-tended route in Chinese traditional culture.The route fromthe poetry of flourishextends towardsthe thought of flour-ish.With the concept ofxing,we can achieve the state of drunk in dance ceremony out of the original witchcraft sacri-fice culture,which poetic thought inherited from the ancient time.In Han Dynasty,the poetic power has its uniqueness. With the category ofxing,in the intertextuality explaination between the Jiaosi Songs and the Han dynasty portraits, we can better view the created unique poetic space between life and death.The poetic space existed in the cultivation ofxingin Yuefu poems,as well as in the confirmation of visual descriptions in Han dynasty portraits.It is shown thatxingcan be cultivated by the Han drum and dance ceremony,feast or rare fowls and strange animals.The state ofxingis meant to break the limits of individuals,break the shackles of reality with the help of eternity in lives,and pres-ent the unique poetic power in everyone which is the Han romance beyond the limits.