*我国公益慈善组织发展研究述评

摘要

The development of charity organization is an important force to promote social construction.This paper reviews the development status, the causes of development dilemmas, models and strategies of charity organization.Research literatures suggest that there has model of unified cultivate,model of government support, model of market -oriented,model of tripartite cooperation,model of integrated etc.This paper draws the conclusion that study on development of charity organization reflects mainly in four aspects through analysis and comparison on these literatures.The first one is research focus puts particular emphasis on theory of “Ideal type”;the second is variety of studies is not contact with each other which means lack of interconnection;the third problem is some researches show only a superficial understanding of the development of charity organization which could not discovery the essence of the issue;the last one is about the methodology of these study,such as experience from abroad which cannot apply to the domestic,and lack of empirical research to conclude reality theory which could propose a power explanation logic.%我国公益慈善组织具有规模小、治理不规范、有影响力的组织数量不多和受到政府诸多约束、慈善文化色彩不强等特点。从理论和现实分析层面究其发展困境形成原因，“组织外形化”“支配性功能协作关系”理论来解释公益慈善组织发展的应然与实然之间的差异；从内部生存制约因素、与政府的关系以及与社会监督、法律体系建构等方面来探讨。因此，要走出发展困境，需探究统一培育、政府支持、市场化、三方合作、综合五种发展模式；发展策略主要集中在与政府之间关系、组织能力建设、国外经验借鉴等方面。当前，学术界值得思考的问题是：侧重于提出“理想型”的理论模型；存在“各自为政”的现象；呈现“流于形式，隔靴搔痒”症状；研究方法存在国外经验理论“水土不服”，本土空洞化的理论概述居多，实证性的研究缺乏。