从视线移动看“だけ”与“しか”限定功能的差异

摘要

The distinction between "dake" and "shika" lies in that "dake" focuses its attention on finite elements, while "shika" focuses attention on elements of the same kind. From a case study we show that the restrictive function of "dake" and "shika" can be divided into "prominent restrictive function" and "contrasted restrictive function". Previous studies only examine obvious manifestations of the "contrasted restrictive function". In addition, in either case of "prominent restrictive function" or "contrasted restrictive function", "shika" can only be used in the given conditions while "dake" can be used in both given conditions and unknown conditions.%与限定凸显助词相关的前人研究认为，＂だけ＂与＂しか＂的不同点在于＂だけ＂关注的焦点在于被限定的要素，而＂しか＂关注的焦点在于同类的其他要素。笔者通过实例分析得知，＂だけ＂与＂しか＂的限定可以细分为“凸显限定”和“对比限定”，上述观点只在“对比限定”中有比较明显的倾向。此外，不管是“凸显限定”还是“对比限定”，＂しか＂主要用于“既定”的事态中，极少用于“未定”的事态，＂だけ＂则没有限制。