放射性药物不仅可以作为有效的诊断和治疗手段,而且结合单光子断层扫描仪(SPECT)或正电子断层扫描仪(PET),还可以在分子水平上直接研究它们在正常人体(活体)内的功能和代谢过程,实现人体内生理和病理过程的快速、无损和实时成像,为真正意义上的早诊断、早治疗提供新方法和新手段,为预防医学、转化医学、个性化医学的实现提供可能的途径.本文概述了体内放射性药物的最新进展,分析了我国放射性药物的研究现状,提出大力加强医用放射性核素的研制、加强基础放射性药物化学研究、系统开展受体分子显像剂的研究以及开展多模式多功能复合分子探针的研究等建议.%Radiopharmaceuticals could not only serve as effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools in human diseases, but also allow the assessment of metabolism and functional processes by providing quick, non-invasive and real-time visualization of physiological and pathological processes in the living humans at the molecular level together with PET (positron e-mission tomography) and SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging modalities. They could provide new methods and new approaches of truly early diagnosis and therapy and possible pathways for the preventative medicine, translational medicine and personalized medicine. The present review provides an overview of current status of in vivo radiopharmaceuticals in China. Moreover, some prospects of research and development of radiopharmaceuticals in the near future was discussed. The addressed future trends include the following aspects. (1) Production of medical radioisotopes including 99Mo, 131I, 188/186Re and 123I. (2) Investigation on the basic radiopharmaceutical chemistry. (3) Development of receptor-based imaging agents. (4) Development of multi-modality imaging probes.
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