China Grain Consumption Structure Change Current Situation of China's Grain Market and Outlook

摘要

Over the past few decades,China has gone through two major changes in the consumption structure.The first change was in the mid-1990s,when demand for vegetable oils and protein meal showed rapid growth.Before the "Opening up",Chinese were having no enough food,after that,the "Opening up " policy incited the development of grain production,people's basic need for staple food was met.With various others food like meat,eggs served on dining tables,people begin to think about eating better.The fast-growing husbandry industry spurred the consumption of corn and soybean,which turned China to the world biggest soybean importer from a net exporter in only about ten years.%在过去十几年中,中国粮食消费结构有两次重大变化.第一次始于上世纪九十年代中期,标志为植物油和蛋白粕消费高速增长.改革开放前,中国人面临的是吃饱的问题,改革放开之后粮食生产发展,口粮需求得到了满足,更多的肉蛋奶开始进入居民餐桌,消费开始向吃好转变.饲料养殖业快速发展,带动了对玉米和豆粕的消费.短短十几年的时间,中国从大豆净出口国转变为世界上最大的进口国.1995年中国净出口大豆9万吨,到2011年净进口量达到5241万吨.这一次中国粮食消费结构性的变化促进了大豆出口国大豆产量增产,油菜籽和油脂产量也得到提升,活跃了国际油脂油料市场.但大量廉价进口也使得消费增长对国内生产促进作用明显减弱,国内价格上涨受到抑制,降低了种植者预期收益.