妊娠期妇女接受药物治疗的广泛性，使得妊娠期用药安全性问题成为学者们关注的焦点。妊娠期用药对妊娠结局的影响，除可导致流产外，药物还可透过胎盘屏障造成胎儿宫内暴露，影响胎儿，导致胎儿畸形甚至死亡。而胎儿风险评估中一个关键性的因素是胎儿的药物暴露量，即药物经胎盘转运的程度，因此，胎盘物质转运研究对于指导妊娠期安全用药具有重要意义。胎盘灌流模型在理论上被认为是最好的模拟胎盘物质转运的模型，其不仅避免了种属差异，也不存在伦理学问题，已成为国际上公认的研究胎盘物质转运的经典方法。详细介绍胎盘灌流模型的起源和发展、建立与鉴定，以及该模型在常用药物和纳米材料胎盘物质转运研究中的应用。然而，由于胎盘灌流模型制备过程比较复杂且存在一些缺陷和不足，因此，还需探索新的研究胎盘物质转运的体外模型，更好地指导妊娠期安全用药。%Pregnant women generally take some medicine, which is the focus of attention on the drug safety during pregnancy. Multiple effects of drugs on pregnant outcomes include miscarriage, and fetal anomaly and death, because drugs can penetrate the placental barrier and result in fetal intrauterine exposure. The key factor to assess the fetal risk is the dose of fetal exposure, suggesting the degree of drug transport through placenta. It is important to study the placental transport for the clinical safe medication in pregnant women. The placental perfusion model is theoretically considered as the best model to simulate the placental material transport. It is also internationally recognized as the classical method in this area, without species differences and ethical issues. This model was introduced in detail in this review, including its design, development, identification, and application in studying the placental transport of some common drugs and nanometer materials. Because of the complexity during developing this model and some itself defects, it is necessary to develop new in vitro models of the placental material transport for guiding the clinical safe medication in pregnant women.
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