早产是造成新生儿死亡和患病的最主要因素.产前皮质激素(ACS)促胎肺成熟治疗能显著降低早产儿病死率、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征及脑室内出血的发生率.目前推荐对妊娠24～34周可能早产的妇女给予单疗程倍他米松或地塞米松治疗.另一种多疗程ACS的治疗方法,在远期安全性研究方面尚缺乏肯定依据,不推荐常规采用.对l周内估计将早产的妊娠妇女可考虑给予一次抢救性的重复ACS,即重复给予1疗程糖皮质激素常规治疗方案.对于妊娠不足39周的择期剖宫产者术前给予ACS的远期安全性尚存争议.就ACS两种给药方法进行综述,评估临床疗效.%Preterm birth is the leading cause for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) can significantly reduce premature mortality and risks of respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage. Currently a single dose of dexamethasone or betamethasone is recommended for pregnant women at high risks of preterm delivery between 24 and 34 gestational weeks. The long-term safety for repeated courses of ACS therapy is uncertain, therefore the therapy of repeated courses of ACS is not routinely recommended. For patients at high risks of preterm delivery within the coming week, a single "rescue course "of ACS can be considered to be given, i.e. a repeated course of routine ACS. The long-term safety of ACS before selectively caesarean section before 39 gestational week remains questionable. The therapeutic regimes and clinical effects for the single and the repeated course of ACS therapies have been reviewed.
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