填补主权债务危机预防与重组的法律空白：联合国贸发会关于负责任主权融资的原则

摘要

从国际法的视角看，在预防主权债务危机和主权债务重组方面，联合国贸发会负责任主权借贷行为原则能够起到建设性作用。本文描述了当代主权融资的主要特征及对更加负责的主权融资行为和主权融资基本规则的迫切需要，指出了这些问题如何提出了巨大的全球挑战。本文阐释了债务契约国际化的现象，也考察了这一领域的法律空白及其经济原因。在介绍了负责任主权借贷行为原则的背景、方法和内容的基础上，本文介绍了试图填补该法律空白的一些最重要的当代举措。对于负责任主权借贷行为原则的法律依据的研究，集中于这些原则在国内法中的根源，以及这些原则独特的、演进的法律地位。本文在介绍负责任主权借贷行为原则的观点进行讨论的同时，研究了实施这一举措的适当方法。%This article argues that the UNCTAD's Principles on Responsi-ble Sovereign Lending and Borrowing ( PRSLB) can play a constructive role in terms of sovereign debt crisis prevention and sovereign debt restructuring from an international law perspective.It describes the main characteristics of contempora-ry sovereign financing and the urgent need for more responsible financial behav-iors and basic rules on sovereign financing, showing how al these pose a great global chal enge.It explains the phenomenon of internationalization of debt con-tracts, examining also the legal void in this area and its economic causes.It pres-ents some of the most important contemporary initiatives trying to fil that legal gap fol owed by an introduction of the background, approach and content of the PRSLB.The legal basis of the PRSLB is studied, focusing on their roots in do-mestic orders and their sui generis and evolving legal status.The possible ways to implement the PRSLB are studied while the outlook of this initiative is presented for discussion.